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#How to insert a citation with two last names manual
#How to insert a citation with two last names full

Page numbers are only required with direct quotes in APA. If the publication date is unknown, write “n.d.” (no date) in the in-text citation. The first word of the title should always be included so readers can easily locate the corresponding reference entry. Otherwise, enclose it in double quotation marks.Īpply title case capitalization, and shorten long titles. Italicize the title if it’s italicized in the reference entry (except for court cases, which are italicized in the in-text citation but not the reference entry). The costs of solar energy have decreased by 34% in the past three years (Tesla, 2020).Īlternatively, use the source title in place of the author. If so, include its name in the in-text citation (and reference entry). If the author of a source is unknown, try to determine if there is an organization or government responsible for creating the content. No author, date or page number Missing information in APA in-text citations Unknown element (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020)Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020)

Multiple authors in APA in-text citations Author type

#How to insert a citation with two last names full

Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and are abbreviated in subsequent citations. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”. If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. APA in-text citations with multiple authors Check out a full example paragraph with in-text citations. The parenthetical citation can be placed within or at the end of a sentence, just before the period. The publication year appears directly after the author’s name when using the narrative format. Narrative: Parker (2019) found a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers.Parenthetical: There is a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers (Parker, 2019).

#How to insert a citation with two last names manual

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).The in-text citation can be placed in parentheses or naturally integrated into a sentence.

How Do I Cite a Resource by "Anonymous" or Without a Stated Author in APA Style?Īmerican Psychological Association.

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How Should I Present the Author(s)'s and/or Editor(s)'s Names in My Rreference in APA Style?.

287).įor more information regarding author names, please see the following WriteAnswers entries:

“If uncertain about the proper format for a name, consult other works that cite that author, bibliographic database records, or the author’s website or curriculum vitae (CV) to determine the appropriate format” (APA, 2020, p.

Uncertainty regarding which names are first, middle, and last names

“When given names are hyphenated, retain the hyphen and include a period after each initial by no space (e.g., Xu, A.-J., for Ai-Jun Xu)” (APA, 2020, p.

If last names are hyphenated, keep that formatting in citations and references.

Also, use the capitalization preferred by the author in citations and references, so if authors prefer all lowercase letters for first and last names, keep that formatting (APA, 202, p. When providing authors’ names in text, “write the author’s name exactly as it appears on the published work, including hyphenated surnames and two-part surnames” (American Psychological Association, n.d., Format of Individual Names section).